Ankle pumps, straight leg raises, and quadriceps exercises are initiated immediately postoperatively as tolerated and frequency gradually increased to 3 to 5 times daily.
Hospital Profile - fabella.doh.gov.ph Previous attempts to make it better provided only temporary relief. Metallic crimps have also been developed in place of tying the suture in a knot. The patient is allowed to bear weight as tolerated with the aid of crutches until they can ambulate without a limp.
quadrilateral fabella surgery - facecamplondon.com A brace is not routinely used.
Fabella Syndrome - Dr. Amyn Rajani We recommend the TPLO repair exclusively for Rottweilers. These dogs have not done well with lateral fabellar sutures. An arthroscopy-assisted technique allows for diagnostic arthroscopy that will allow for investigation of other intra-articular causes of posterolateral knee pain. The leg is then exsanguinated while the tourniquet is inflated. I am 5-months post surgery, and am doing great, stationary biking and exercising every day, no pain.You know you are seeing the best when you find out he has written over 500 medical journal articles - among many other accomplishments. We will keep you informed on this technique as more information becomes available. A diagnostic arthroscopy is performed in all the compartments to evaluate associated injuries. R.F.L. After this, blunt dissection is carried out with scissors through the interval between the lateral gastrocnemius tendon and the fibular collateral ligament aiming distomedial to the fibular head. The fabella is a sesamoid bone located in the posterolateral aspect of the knee, embedded in the muscular and tendon fibers of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Dr LaPrade performed a deep root repair to my meniscus, which saved me from a knee replacement at this time.
quadrilateral fabella surgery the most common facility used in cheerdance brainly; credit no credit sac state fall 2021; sam hoskins sioux falls We have elected to continue performing just the TPLO procedure since we are intimately familiar with all of the subtle issues involved with this technique. There is no longer a question as to whether the procedure works. It is located behind the lateral (outer) Femoral Condyle. Once the fabella has been excised, cartilage damage is evaluated. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. After a clinical assessment with physical examination, MRI is used to evaluate localized osteoarthritis, cartilage softening and periosteal inflammation of the fabella and femoral condyle. The basic science behind QLF surgery is to provide load sharing using 'bridge cable like' support to the load bearing portions of the knee.
The fabella syndrome - a rare cause of posterolateral knee pain: a The TPLO can be performed on cats and dogs from ~10-15 pounds to over 250 pounds. If youre here, youre likely our typical client: Searching for another option for your dogs orthopedic injury. TPLOs on small animals should only be performed by surgeons very experienced with the procedure. Our survey results evidence that at just 1-year post-op, clients report that 93% of patients are doing well, and 2 out of 3 of our patients are doing what the client feels is outstanding. Compression neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve by the fabella. The following recommendations are based upon years of experience with the procedure by Dr. Huss. The use of the arthroscopic procedure allows for excision of this sesamoid bone with minimal resection, thereby decreasing the risk of injury to surrounding tissue. A quadrilateral has 4 sides, 4 angles, and 4 vertices. To update your cookie settings, please visit the, Use of a Cutting Instrument for Fresh Osteochondral Distal Tibia Allograft Preparation: Treatment of Glenoid Bone Loss, Arthroscopic Removal of Proximal Humerus Plates in Chronic Post-traumatic Shoulder Stiffness. Complex Quadrilaterals. When the fabella is present, an additional ligament called the fabello-fibular ligament (ligament of Vallois), which runs from the fabella to the fibular head, can be found.
quadrilateral fabella surgery quadrilateral fabella surgery Our veterinarians have provided care to the pets of Chicago's Lakeview and Roscoe Village communities for over 28 years. Patients < 20 pounds may not need surgery if they show significant signs of improvement within 2 weeks of injury and do not have signs of meniscal injury. Learn more so you can make the right decision for your pet. All-in-all, the TPLO and TTA are comperable procedures.
Fabella Bone Overview, Anatomy & Syndrome | What is a Fabella Bone We encourage surgeons to assess the validity of this technique through continued assessment for long-term results. Therefore, if a patient does present with posterolateral knee pain, careful examination of the knee should rule out a possible symptomatic fabella pressing against the lateral femoral condyle. Once identified, the fabella is secured with an Alice clamp and attention is turned to the arthroscopic part of the procedure. receives royalties from Smith & Nephew Endoscopy and Arthrex and is a paid consultant for Smith & Nephew, Ossur Americas, and Arthrex. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. G.M. If \(A,\,B,\,C\) and \(D\) are co-planar points, such that, 1. Nearly every technique will losen fairly quickly after surgery. The presence of the fabella is usually asymptomatic; however, it can be a source of posterolateral knee pain. Our hospital is complete with the latest technology including advanced diagnostic instrumentation, digital x-ray, in-house laboratory, and a cutting-edge surgical suite. quadrilateral fabella surgery. The fabella is identified by palpation at the junction between the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and the posterolateral joint capsule. I could not bear weight on my right side though I tried repeatedly, but finally I went and got an MRI and one of the orthopedic surgeons that I worked with was shocked when he saw the MRI result. A case report with review of the literature. With an open approach, the common peroneal nerve can be easily identified and secured, and neurolysis performed, if necessary. This surgery is done inside the joint capsule, with both ends of the transplant being fixed to the walls of the tunnels and/or adjacent bone. It is a band of tough fibrous tissue that attaches the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone), preventing the tibia from shifting forward relative to the femur. reports other from Siemens Medical Solutions USA, personal fees and other from Smith & Nephew Endoscopy, personal fees and other from Ossur Americas, other from Small Bone Innovations, personal fees, and other from Arthrex, other from ConMed Linvatec, and other from Opedix, outside the submitted work; has a patent Ossur pending, and a patent Smith & Nephew pending; and is on the editorial/governing board for American Journal of Sports Medicine and Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, and has member/committee appointments with the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine; International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine; Arthroscopy Association of North America; and the European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy. The survey results reflect some of the most recent 400+ procedures Dr. Murtha has performed. I am so glad I did! Fabella Syndrome describes traditionally posterolateral knee pain, occurring due to biomechanical pressure of the fabella against the lateral femoral condyle. Thats why weve formed a dedicated team of individuals who are the best of the best and carry out their duties with compassion and a commitment to excellence each and every day. Care must be taken to avoid damage to the lateral gastrocnemius tendon, which is in proximity. What Is QLF? The TPLO can consistently get athletic dogs back to performance level.
quadrilateral fabella surgery hat club aux pack inspiration The surgical leg is prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. Given its rarity, its diagnosis is often overlooked [ 29] . However, this diagnosis should always be considered, especially in high-performance runners, bikers, and triathletes.
Phone: (978) 391-1500 Address: 198 Ayer Rd, Ste 102, Harvard, MA 01451, Address: 198 Ayer Rd, Ste 102, Harvard, MA 01451. Pathophysiology: Continuous rubbing of the Sesamoid Bone over the lateral Femoral Condyle can cause pain. The multi-cable bridges built in that time period are still standing strong because they were designed to distribute and share the load among multiple cables instead of just one, and these multi-cable bridges were built with materials of a tensile strength that was twice the maximum anticipated load the bridge would carry. The fabella syndromea rare cause of posterolateral knee pain: A review of the literature and two case reports. Click to learn about the science behind how it's possible. It is what's called an 'extracapsular' technique, because the suture is external to the knee joint itself.
heinz ketchup expiration date code It is for this reason that we simply just dont see patients return with a disrupted or failed repair after the initial healing period (typically 6 months). The fabella, if present, can act as a source of posterolateral knee pain.
Intro to quadrilateral (video) | Khan Academy The cost of dog ACL surgery is also to some degree dependent on geographic location. We have been able to do that. Were glad youre here and excited to share with you our very special method that is revolutionizing how CCL (ACL) tears in dogs are treated and fast emerging as a viable alternative to TPLO and TTA (metal implant) surgeries. The fabella is a sesamoid bone in the posterolateral capsule of the human knee joint. Keep up the good work, Ruthie! The open procedure may lead to excessive bleeding, compared with arthroscopy-assisted procedures. The arthroscopic portion of the procedure is performed after the open identification of the fabella. Why? Polygon. 2700 Vikings Circle Painful fabella. From our first TPLO (a Bull Mastiff who went on to a CDX obediance title) our goal was to duplicate Dr. Slocums technique as precisely as possible. and engineering. quadrilateral fabella surgery quadrilateral fabella surgery. Considering these findings as well as the minimal risk of surgical treatment for a symptomatic fabella, we recommend our technique on arthroscopy-assisted fabella excision. (978) 391-1500 | 198 Ayer Rd, Ste 102, Harvard, MA 01451, This question has continued to be the hot topic of the last several ACVS Symposium meetings. Next, a Cobb elevator is used to release any adhesions between the lateral gastrocnemius and the posterior lateral capsule. The Steadman Philippon Research Institute has received financial support, not related to this research, from Smith & Nephew Endoscopy, Ossur Americas, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Small Bone Innovations, ConMed Linvatec, and Opedix. 2016, 2016 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. Previous case reports have described findings of common peroneal neuropathy with foot drop symptoms and a snapping knee syndrome secondary to a symptomatic fabella. Tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) or commonly referred to as the ACL (the human version) is the most common orthopedic injury in dogs. The QLF procedure is a more natural approach because it simply re-stabilizes and reinforces what mother nature created in the first place rather than attempting to redesign the anatomy of the canine stifle and reengineer the biomechanics of the joint. 2 Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, 825 Northern Blvd., Great Neck, NY 11021. . CCL repair surgery typically consists of an initial examination of the inside of the knee. Thank you for choosing Dr. LaPrade as your healthcare provider. We have found, however, that there are many subtle technical issues that have to be addressed or there will be problems. Read on to learn more about the technique that Dr. Murtha has been perfecting for decades as a viable alternative procedure.
The authors report the following potential conflicts of interest or sources of funding: M.T.P. All structures should be identified before fabella excision. We see patients from every corner of New England every day and from all over the United States on a regular basis. Eagan, MN 55121, I struggled with my knee for 18 months - having gone from 10,000 steps a day to only walking as needed. Treatment of fabella syndrome with manual therapy: A case report. The line segments \(AB,\,BC,\,CD\) and \(DA\) do not intersect except at their endpoints, then the figure made up of the four-line segments, is called quadrilateral (Abbreviation: quad). Subjectively, we feel these measures to not demonstrate the full potential of a patient at full performance, like field trial or agility. Please enter a term before submitting your search.
Dog Extracapsular Repair At Southpaws Specialist Veterinary - YouTube Cruz, Manila, adjacent to the Manila City Jail;
Quadrilaterals - Quadrilateral Shape, Types, Properties - Cuemath Our technique includes an arthroscopic evaluation of the fabella as well as assessment of damage to the femoral condyle, ultimately minimizing damage and over-resection of the surrounding structures during excision of the fabella. Fabella, Knee, Magnetic resonance images, Prev-alence. After successful identification of the fabella, knee arthroscopy is carried out through standard portals. The technique uses newer materials (kevlar suture) in a novel pre-formed implant. Dr. Murthas new load-sharing surgical procedure had immediate early successes and over the next 15 or 20 years (the developmental stage) he continued trying different materials and methods evolving and advancing the procedure. The lateral fabellar suture is a stabilizing technique that is outside the joint, but under the muscles of the knee. I was told by one of the orthopedic surgeons that I worked with that I would never run again and would be lucky if I could ever hike again. Although nonoperative management can potentially resolve symptoms associated with this condition, fabella excision via arthroscopically assisted surgery is a reliable and safe alternative to treat patients who do not benefit from nonsurgical treatment. In his research, Dr. Murtha read an article about the 1967 collapse of the Silver Bridge in Ohio. All 4 sides of a quadrilateral may or may not be equal. john fassel salary cowboys; mold resistant shower mat; troll face creepy; why does discord keep crashing on my iphone; nascar nice car joke By far this is still the most cost-effective surgery to repair dog ACL injuries. The symptoms of fabella syndrome are posterolateral pain and a catching sensation (or clicking sound) with knee flexion. Address correspondence to Robert F. LaPrade, M.D., Ph.D., Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 West Meadow Drive, Suite 1000, Vail, CO 81657, U.S.A.
Arthroscopy-Assisted Fabella Excision: Surgical Technique There was a positive correlation between age . Thank you, Dr. LaPrade, for treating me with the care, focus, and expertise as if I was an Olympic athlete!- From your 63 year old very appreciative patent ~. The patient is placed in a supine position with the surgical limb in a leg holder (Mizuho OSI, Union City, CA). > sacramento airport parking garage > quadrilateral fabella surgery. I was life flighted to MCR in Loveland, CO. My orthopedic injuries were severe, but totally missesd by the orthopedic team at Poudre. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Discover the emerging alternative to repairing torn ACLs (CCLs) in dogs. when is a felony traffic stop done; saskatchewan ghost towns near saskatoon; affitti brevi periodi napoli vomero; general motors intrinsic value; nah shon hyland house fire Were not here to sell you anything. There are still no large scale clinical studies on theTibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)procedure. The complications are different than the TPLO, but there are new complications related to this specific procedure. The fabella is an anatomic variant not seen in all individuals and can potentially be a source of chronic knee pain due to chondromalacia, osteoarthritis, fractures, or biomechanical pressure against the lateral femoral condyle. My right knee was totally destroyed; ACL, MCL, PCL all severely torn; the patella was the only thing intact in my right knee. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a right knee reveals the relationship between the fabella with the lateral femoral condyle and the gastrocnemius tendon in the coronal (A), sagittal (B), and axial (C) views. Surgery was performed more than 1,5 month after onset of symptoms. quadrilateral fabella surgeryjonaxx unforgettable linesjonaxx unforgettable lines Veterinary surgery; Providing information in the field of veterinary orthopedic surgical procedures; Providing information in the field of veterinary orthopedic surgical . Given the difficulty in diagnosis of fabella syndrome, it may be overlooked and improperly treated. It is situated intra-articular, close to the lateral femoral condyle, the lateral gastrocnemius head tendon, and the fabellofibular ligament. It articulates anteriorly with the posterior surface of the lateral condyle, and is bordered posteriorly by the oblique popliteal ligament. There MAY be problems using this technique on giant breed dogs due to implant size constraints. Large diameter braided suture material was originally used as the suture of choice.
Quadrilateral: Formula, Types, Venn Diagram & Perimeter - Embibe Exams . Oh Yes! This answers all my questions! Long-term studies with large sample sizes are necessary for further evaluation of this technique and how it compares to nonoperative management. It is a normal variant in 10-20% people without any symptoms.
Quadrilateral space syndrome - Zurkiya - Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Fabella | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org 2016, Received: That is why QLF surgery is fast-emerging organically on its own merits as a primary alternative to traditional cruciate surgeries. The surgical leg is prepped and draped in a sterile fashion, the leg exsanguinated, and tourniquet inflated. As such this means it's not as invasive as other techniques. Given its rarity, the diagnosis of a symptomatic fabella is often overlooked when evaluating patients with persistent posterolateral knee pain. In fact 2 years ago I finished climbing the top 100 peaks in CO. The big questions now are 1.) Originally described by Dr. DeAngelis, and then modified by Dr. Flow, the technique has recently had many different options made available for the type of suture that can be used. Excision of the fabella performed in a right knee under direct visualization. 8:00 6:00. This suture is passed around the lateral fabella and through a hole in the tibial crest in a mattress fashion. SUBJECTIVELY, TPLOs and TTAs will consistently get dogs back to an athletic performance level; lateral sutures will not consistently do this. The fabella can also be fibrocartilaginous in nature and is occasionally found in the medial head of the gastrocnemius. Our hope was to achieve the same success he had reported. It takes 50-75 TPLO procedures to become proficient with this complex surgery. Over the last 15- or 20 years Dr. Murtha has refined the procedure to consistently provide outstanding results for patients of all sizes.
Quadrilaterals | Geometry (all content) | Math | Khan - Khan Academy By remaining on the site, you consent to the use of these cookies. Right Knee Surgery After Auto Bicycle Accident, Medical Second Opinion Service MRI/X-ray Review, Arthroscopy-Assisted Fabella Excision: Surgical Technique, Perioperative Gabapentin May Reduce Opioid Requirement for Early Postoperative Pain, Combined ACL & Lateral Extra-Articular Reconstruction, Combined Meniscus Repair and ACL Reconstruction, High-Grade Impaction Fractures with ACL Tears Have Increased Preoperative Pivot Shift, Technique for Treatment of Subchondral Compression Fracture of the Lateral Femoral Condyle Associated With ACL Tear, Bone graft substitute for tunnel filling improved ACL reconstruction outcomes, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Meniscus Ramp Repair, Tibial Slope and Its Effect on Force in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts, Steeper Tibial Slopes, Like Steeper Ski Slopes, Might Lead to More ACL Stress and Tears, Incidence of Displaced Posterolateral Tibial Plateau and Lateral Femoral Condyle Impaction Fractures in the 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Reconstruction at the National Football League Combine Results in Inferior Early National Football League Career Participation, Influence of Meniscal and Chondral Lesions on Patient-Reported Outcomes After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 2-Year Follow-up, Primary Versus Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Patient Demographics, Radiographic Findings, and Associated Lesions, Biologic Approaches for the Treatment of Partial Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Wall Blowout During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Suspensory Cortical Fixation With a Screw and Washer Post, Posterior Wall Blowout in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Outcomes and Risk Factors of Rerevision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review, High-Load Preconditioning of Soft Tissue Grafts: An In Vitro Biomechanical Bovine Tendon Model, An In Vitro Robotic Assessment of the Anterolateral Ligament, Part 1, An In Vitro Robotic Assessment of the Anterolateral Ligament, Part 2, Lack of consensus regarding pretensioning and preconditioning protocols for soft tissue graft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, Dimensional assessment of continuous loop cortical suspension devices and clinical implications for intraoperative button flipping and intratunnel graft length, Return to Play Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Functional bracing of ACL injuries: current state and future directions, Femoral Cortical Suspension Devices for Soft Tissue Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Biomechanical Comparison of Interference Screws and Combination Screw and Sheath Devices for Soft Tissue Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on the Tibial Side, Biomechanical Comparison of Anatomic Single- and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions, Evaluation of a Simulated Pivot Shift Test, Avoiding Tunnel Collisions Between Fibular Collateral Ligament and ACL Posterolateral Bundle Reconstruction, Radiographic landmarks for tunnel positioning in double-bundle ACL reconstructions, The Role of the Oblique Popliteal Ligament and Other Structures in Preventing Knee Hyperextension, Comparative Kinematic Evaluation of All-Inside Single-Bundle and Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, All-Inside Double Bundle ACL Reconstruction 1.1 Versus 2.2 Tunnel-Drilling Technique, A Comparison Between a Retrograde Interference Screw, Suture Button, and Combined Fixation on the Tibial Side in an All-Inside Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, External Rotation Recurvatum Test Revisited, The Effects of Grade III Posterolateral Knee Complex Injuries on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Force, Effects of Aggressive Notchplasty Normal Dog Knee, The Reharvested Central Third of the Patellar Tendon, Anterior Closing Wedge Proximal Tibial Osteotomy for Slope Correction in Failed ACL Reconstructions, Femoral Intercondylar Notch Stenosis and and ACL Injuries, Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Techniques, Biomechanics, and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Biomechanical Role of Lateral Structures in Controlling Anterolateral Rotatory Laxity: The Anterolateral Ligament, Anatomic Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Knee Leads to Overconstraint at Any Fixation Angle, Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Technique: An Anatomic-Based Approach, Knee Arthroscopy: Evidence For a Targeted Approach, Characterization of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Bone Marrow Concentrate and Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective Analysis, Platelet-Rich Plasma for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Leukocyte-Rich PRP or Leukocyte-Poor PRP Versus Saline, Reporting of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Preparation Protocols and Composition, The Influence of Naproxen on Biological Factors in Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective Comparative Study, Biologics in Orthopaedics Concepts and Controversies, Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma Immediately After an Injury Did Not Improve Ligament Healing, and Increasing Platelet Concentrations Was Detrimental in an In Vivo Animal Model, Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Harvesting and Processing Technique, AAOS Research Symposium Updates and Consensus: Biologic Treatment of Orthopaedic Injuries, Evidence for the use of cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A Systematic Review of the literature, Outcomes After Biologically Augmented Isolated Meniscal Repair With Marrow Venting Are Comparable With Those After Meniscal Repair With Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopaedics (MIBO): Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Diagnosis and Treatment strategies of the Multiligament Injured Knee, Revision Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Reconstruction Treatment for Instability, Posterior Tibial Slope and Risk of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Decreased Posterior Tibial Slope Does Not Affect Postoperative Posterior Knee Laxity After Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Combined Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Knee Reconstruction: Avoiding Tunnel Convergence, Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Outcomes Are Equal to Open Popliteus Tendon Reconstructions, but Do Not Forget That the Goal Is a Stable Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Quantitative mapping of acute and chronic PCL pathology with 3 T MRI: a prospectively enrolled patient cohort, Tibial Slope and Its Effect on Graft Force in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions, Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Current Concepts Review, Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries of the Knee at the National Football League Combine: An Imaging and Epidemiology Study, Anatomic Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: State of the Art, Emerging Updates on the Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate 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and Reconstruction of Medialand Lateral-sided Knee Injuries, Intramedullary Tibial Nailing Reduces the Attachment Area and Ultimate Load of the Anterior Medial Meniscal Root, sMCL Anatomic Augmented Repair vs Anatomic Reconsturction, Management of Injuries to the Medial Side of the Knee, Development of an Anatomic Medial Knee Reconstruction, Structural Properties of the Primary Medial Knee Ligaments, Radiographic Identification of the Primary Medial Knee Structures, Medial Knee Injury Part 1, Static Function of the Individual Components of the Main Medial Knee Structures, Medial Knee Injury Part 2, Load Sharing Between the Posterior Oblique Ligament and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament, Correlation of Valgus Stress Radiographs With Medial Knee Ligament Injuries, An In Vitro Analysis of an Anatomical Medial Knee Reconstruction, Medial Knee Reconstructions and the Satorial Branch of the Saphenous Nerve, Medial Plica Irritation: Diagnosis and Treatment, Force Measurements on the Posterior Oblique Ligament and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Proximal and Distal Divisions to Applied Loads, The Anatomy of the Medial Part of the Knee, Multiple Ligament Reconstructions of the Knee and Posterolateral Corner.